Cyber Crime definition

Cyber crime constitutes criminal acts, committed by way of computer networks that can be accomplished while sitting at a computer board. Ksehtri (2009) defined cybercrime as a criminal activity in which computers or computer networks are the principal means of committing an offense or violating laws, rules or regulation.

The awareness of security has since September 11 events increased in many ways - increased concerned over physical sites, increased concerns of securing networked infrastructure and changes in corporate attitude from being confident about their organization’s security and delaying spending on security, to seeing IT security as an essential capital investment.

Example of cyber crimes include gaining unauthorised access to computer file, denial-of-service-attacks, cyber-theft, cyber-trespass, cyber-obscenity, critical infrastructure attacks, online fraud, online money laundering, criminal uses of Internet communications, ID fraud, use of computers to further traditional crimes , and cyber-extortions.

A diverse range of acts such as disrupting the operation of remote computers with viruses, worms logic bombs, Trojan horses horses, visiting an obscene website and cyberstalking may qualify as a cybercrime.

There are many debates today among experts about what constitutes a computer-related crime or cyber crime. Cyber crime generally is understood to include traditional activities such as fraud, theft, or forgery whenever a computer is involved.

Society’ vital services and critical infrastructure: communications, finance, transportation, and utilities such as electricity, oil, gas and water rely on computer and computer networked. If these networked are damaged the nation will be disrupt.

Governments as well as business that own and operate banks, utility infrastructure, transportation systems, telecommunications networks and other critical systems, must be prepared for the possibility of a destructive attack in cyberspace. The cyber threat is out there, either directly or as collateral damage in other kinds of attacks.
Cyber Crime definition

Categories of computer filing system

File systems is the mechanism used by a computer system to map the specific locations of information stored in nonvolatile storage.

File systems are classified into the following four categories:
*Disk file system: A system used for storing and recovering the files on a storage device, such as a hard disk, floppy disks, CD-ROMs that is directly or indirectly connected to a computer.

*Network file system: It is a type of file system that provides access to files on other computers on a network. The primary function of network file system is to mount directories to other computers. These directories can then be accessed as though they were local. With the advent of network file system, shared file name spaces were possible – many computers could see and access the same files at the same time.

*Database file system: Earlier file system a hierarchial management structure, but in the database file system files are identified by their characteristics, like the name, type, topic and author.

*Special purpose file system: A file system where the files are organized by software during runtime. This type of file system is used for various purposes, such as communication between computer processes or temporary file space. The system can often high-speed interconnection networks that avoid some performance problems.
Categories of computer filing system 

What is internet protocol?

The network edge consists of those objects using the internet such as clients, servers and application. To communicate, objects must adhere to the same networking protocol.

A protocol is an agreed-upon set of rules governing a data transmission.

The Internet Protocol is the primary protocol at the internet layer of the TCP/IP stack. It is the governing protocol in charge of the exchange of packets to a remote host. This protocol is responsible for determining the source and destination IP addresses of every packet.

The network administrator assigns every host on a network a unique IP address. Whereas the hardware address refers to the physical network card, the IP address refers to a logical address that the network administrator has assigned to the host.

IP not only provides a standardized ‘envelope’ for the information that is sent; it also contains ‘headers’ that provide addressing, routing and message handling information that enables a message to be directed to its final destination over the various media that compose the internet.

It is important to note that IP is completely independent of hardware used, which means it needs own addressing scheme inn order to transmit data.

Originally, the IP were not developed by any international standardization organization. They were developed by the US Department of Defense research project to connect a number of different networks designed by different vendors into a network of networks.
What is internet protocol?